Biointerfaces in sensors and medical devices: challenges, materials, and solutions for biological integration
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56294/evk2025256Keywords:
Biointerfaces, Medical Devices, Biocompatibility, Implantable SensorsAbstract
Biointerfaces are strategic components in the design of medical sensors and devices, enabling functional interaction between electronic systems and biological tissues. This article examines their properties, materials, and clinical applications, with a focus on biocompatibility, cellular adhesion, electrical conductivity, and structural stability. Current approaches based on conductive hydrogels, nanocomposites with metal oxides, and intelligent coatings are reviewed, as well as their implications in implantable, wearable, microfluidic, and neural interface technologies. The study also addresses critical challenges such as miniaturization, immune response, and the integration of dynamic, stimulus-activated functions. It concludes that biointerfaces represent a key pathway toward the development of more precise, adaptive, and sustainable medical technologies, whose advancement will depend on interdisciplinary convergence among biomedical engineering, materials science, and emerging clinical needs.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Inwang Edet Usoro, Robert O. Akhigbe, Michael Promise Ogolodom, Abdullahi Shuaibu, Emmanuel Emeka Ezugwu, Olunwayemisi Titi Oyegbata, Misael Ron, Oluwafemi Olumide Egbeyemi (Author)
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